Description
NEW TO THIS EDITION
All chapters of the sixth edition have been thoroughly up-dated with new references, and many feature new or en-hanced illustrations. The presentation of the minerals has been reorganized to centralize coverage of the electrolytes with the discussion of fluid balance and to separate essen-tial from nonessential trace minerals. Scientific research methodologies are now addressed in context within the nutrient chapters.
Chapter 1 the cell: A microcosm of life
● added a new section on control of gene expression that introduces level of control at the translational, process-ing, and transcription stages
● expanded discussion of cell structure to include types of cell membrane receptors and their role in the con-trol of cellular function and the action of hormones
● new Perspective feature on nutritional genomics
Chapter 2 the digestive system: mechanism for nourishing the body
● expanded coverage of prebiotics and probiotics
● expanded discussion of disorders causing malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract
Chapter 3 carbohydrates
● added a new Perspective on the health implications of high-fructose corn syrup
● expanded coverage of hexokinase and hexokinase 4 (glucokinase) and provided a new accompanying table illustrating the different properties of the isozymes
● added information on facilitated transport of glucose, GLUT isoforms, and transport of other substances across cell membranes
● expanded coverage on the regulation, metabolic con-trol, and interrelation of metabolic pathways for carbohydrate
Chapter 4 fiber
● expanded examples of food sources of different types of fibers
● added information on the soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents of foods
● added a new Perspective on prebiotics and health
Chapter 5 lipids
● expanded coverage of fatty acid, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol absorption
● expanded coverage of trans fatty acids
● expanded coverage of essential fatty acids, including the opposing effects of n-3 and n-6 eicosanoids and created a new table outlining the differences
Chapter 6 Protein
● to facilitate student learning, reorganized the chap-ter to first emphasize amino acid classification and sources and then the processes of digestion, absorp-tion, and metabolism; intestinal cell amino acid metabolism is now discussed in the context of interor-gan flow of amino acids and organ-specific amino acid metabolism
● expanded the coverage of protein synthesis to include a discussion of translation
● added a section on changes in body composition with aging, which includes a discussion of sarcopenia
● added the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to the discussion of adequacy of protein and amino acid intakes
● added a discussion of the impact of low-grade inflammation on protein metabolism to the Perspective